2008 Pre-Budget Report

In his 2008 Pre-Budget Report speech on 24 November, the Chancellor has set out his actions for supporting people through the difficult times of the current global financial crisis. Among the most important changes to do with tax, VAT and benefits, we can mention the following:
•Personal tax allowance increases to £6475, and the basic rate tax limit to £37,400 from April 2009. This means that basic rate taxpayers will pay £145 less tax a year in 2009-10;
•Basic Personal allowance for individuals with income over £100,000 to be reduced to half its value from April 2010;
•Personal allowances will be scrapped for those earning in excess of £140,000 a year from April 2010.
•A new, higher rate of Income Tax of 45% will be introduced for incomes above £150,000;
•Employee, employer and self-employed rates of National Insurance Contributions will increase by 0.5 per cent from April 2011 but those earning less than £20,000 will be exempted.
•The child benefit increases was brought forward to 5th January 2009 instead of April. This is worth an additional £22 on average to families. The commitment to increase the child element of the Child Tax Credit by £25 above indexation in April 2010 will also be brought forward to April 2009.Children will receive a one-off £70 payment for Christmas.
•All pensioners will be paid £60 in the New Year, the equivalent of bringing forward the April increase in the Basic State Pension for a single pensioner to January.In April 2009 the level of a full State Pension will rise in line with prices from £90.70 to £95.25 a week.
•Pensioners on modest incomes will get an increase in pension credit from £124 to £130 and for couples from £189 to £198 from January 2009;
•The standard rate of VAT will be reduced by 2.5% from 17.5% to 15% on 1 December 2008. This new rate will apply until 31 December 2009, when it will revert to 17.5%.This reduction will be offset by increased duties on alcohol, tobacco and petrol.
•The planned increase in the Small Company Rate from 21% to 22% from 1 April 2009 will take effect from 1st April 2010.
•SMEs will be allowed to spread business tax payments over a period to help to ease cashflow and credit constraints.
•Business losses of up to £50,000 could now be offset against profits made in the past three years rather than just one;
Taxfile's tax agents recommend the following link for more details regarding the Pre-budget Report.

VAT Accounting Schemes

Using Standard VAT Accounting, we must complete four VAT returns each year. Any VAT due is payable quarterly, and any VAT refunds due are also repayable quarterly.
In contrast to standard VAT accounting, there are several alternative ways we can account for VAT that could save us time and money. Each of the schemes has advantages and disadvantages.

Among these schemes we can mention the following:

Annual accounting for VAT

Using this method, VAT is paid on account throughout the year in nine monthly or three quarterly instalments. These instalments are based on the VAT paid in the previous year. If the business has been trading for less than a year, the instalments are based on an estimate of the VAT liability.

Advantages:

•we only have to send a VAT return once a year

•reduces the amount of time spent in sorting out paperwork

• improves the cash flow of the business

Disadvantages:

•this method is not suitable for businesses that regularly reclaim VAT as they would only get one repayment at the end of the year.

• if the turnover of the business decreases, the payments may be higher than under the standard VAT accounting.

Cash accounting for VAT

When using the standard VAT accounting, the VAT is payable when an invoice is issued.
Advantage:
•If we use the cash accounting scheme, we do not need to pay VAT until the customer has paid us.

• it is a beneficial method because it improves the cash flow

• we do not need to pay the VAT if the client never pays us.

Disadvantage:

•we cannot reclaim VAT on purchases until we have paid for them.

The flat rate VAT scheme

The flat rate VAT scheme is designed to help small businesses reduce the amount of time they spend accounting for VAT.

Advantage:

• we do not have to calculate the VAT on each and every transaction but just pay a flat rate percentage of the turnover as VAT

Disadvantage:

• one minus using this scheme is that we cannot reclaim VAT on our purchases, especially if we buy a lot of goods and services.

VAT schemes for retailers

Retailers, especially those who sell a high volume of low value goods to the general public, can find it very time consuming and costly to issue VAT invoices for every sale. The VAT retail schemes enable retailers to aggregate their sales and account for VAT on the total.

The main retail schemes are: apportionment schemes, direct calculation schemes and the point of sale scheme.

Margin schemes for second-hand goods, art, antiques, collectibles

The VAT we can recover when buying and selling second-hand goods is quite limited.

Advantage:

•This scheme comes in handy because it calculates the VAT on the difference between the purchase price and the sale price , that is the margin.

•Disadvantage:

•we need to keep very detailed records, otherwise we will be liable for VAT on the full selling price.

Tour operators' margin scheme

Tour operators often buy goods and services from businesses in foreign countries, and cannot often reclaim their input tax. The Tour Operators' Margin Scheme solves this problem by allowing tour operators to calculate the VAT on just the value that they add.

As every method comes with pros and cons, it is better to seek guidance from tax accountants like Taxfile in South London and Exeter to analyse your circumstances and tell you which scheme suits you best.

Brussels wants to impose VAT on food & children's clothes

The European Commission is trying to harmonise VAT rates across its member countries. In so doing it wants the UK to fall in line with a rate of at least 5% on food and children's clothing.

When it joined the EU in 1973 the UK had fought very hard not to have to charge VAT on such items (as well as the printed word, e.g. newspapers) and, as a concession to Brussels it had agreed to impose a 'zero rated' level of VAT. That way, VAT was effectively levied but at a valueless rate. Now Brussels wants the zero rate to be scrapped and replaced by a rate of 5% minimum, for certain products including nappies, for example.

The labour Government will fight to retain the zero rate and can use its veto if required. If successful, UK families will save a staggering £28 billion each year.

Taxfile, a walk-in "tax advice shop" based in South London and Exeter, Devon, can help with all VAT matters including VAT returns and registering for VAT as well as book keeping, general accounting, tax advice and so on.

Let Taxfile introduce you to VAT

Value Added Tax is a tax on consumer expenditure. It is collected on business transactions, imports and acquisitions.
There are three rates of VAT:
•standard rate, 17.5%
•reduced rate, 5%
•zero rate.
Businesses charge VAT on their sales and this is known as output VAT and the sales are referred to as outputs. Similarly, VAT is charged on most goods and services purchased by the business and this is called input VAT.
The output VAT is collected from the customer by the business and must be regularly paid to HMRC.
The input VAT on goods and services purchased can be deducted from the amount deducted from the amount of output tax owed. It is worth mentioning that certain types input tax can never be reclaimed such as business entertainment expenses and for most of business cars.
You are required to register for VAT if your turnover is over 64000.
You can apply for voluntary registration that would allow you to reclaim your input VAT which could result in a repayment of VAT if your business was principally making zero rated supplies.
It is very important that a VAT registered business maintains complete and up-to-date records including details of all supplies, purchases and expenses for 6 years.
Taxfile can assist you with registering for VAT and with completing your VAT return.
We will discuss VAT in more detail next week!